Crystal Meth

 

 

It will consume your mind. It will destroy your future. They call it ICE. It is a RAGING FIRE!

 

 

Small towns used to be immune to the social ills that are so often a part of big city life but now it is in all the rural areas of our country.

 

'If there is a devil out there, this is it'

 

 Poor man's cocaine' is devastating lives and families in small, rural communities.

Chemicals from dumpsites contaminate water supplies, kill livestock, destroy national forest lands, and render areas uninhabitable.

Methamphetamine manufacture produces 5 or 6 pounds of toxic waste for every one pound of product made. These chemicals are caustic, corrosive, flammable and explosive, as well as carcinogenic. They are dumped into lakes and streams, gutters and toilets. From there they get into your water supply. Many meth labs and signs of meth labs are in our local forests. One clue that is  common to many meth sites found in the forest is a "sweet chemical smell . If you smell this, leave the area at once.

 

METH LABS “A TOXIC THREAT TO RURAL AMERICA

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4489307/

 

Substance Abuse Treatment Program Locator

http://www.findtreatment.samhsa.gov/

 

METH ADDICTION RECOVERY

http://www.methmadness.com/

 

NARCANON

http://www.detox-narconon.org/index.php?kwy=narconon_narconon_G2

 

If you want to help, join:

Mother's Against Methamphetamine

 

 

 

http://www.mamasite.net/

 

The mission of Mothers Against Methamphetamine is to glorify God by providing competent and compassionate drug education and rehabilitation resources that reflect the mercy of Jesus Christ for the addict, his family, and the community.

 

Carol Hodgson-Appearances-Mothers against Methamphetamine

http://www.mamasite.net/index.php?main_page=appearances

 

 

Methamphetamine is a Schedule II stimulant, which means it has a high potential for abuse and is available only through a prescription that cannot be refilled. It can be made in small, illegal laboratories, where its production endangers the people in the labs, neighbors, and the environment. Street methamphetamine is referred to by many names, such as “speed,” “meth,” and “chalk.” Methamphetamine hydrochloride, clear chunky crystals resembling ice, which can be inhaled by smoking, is referred to as “ice,” “crystal,” “glass,” and “tina.”

Meth is a crystal-like powdered substance that sometimes comes in large rock-like chunks. When the powder flakes off the rock, the shards look like glass, which is another nickname. Meth is usually white or slightly yellow, depending on the purity.

 

Methamphetamine is taken orally, through the nose (snorting the powder), by needle injection, or by smoking. Abusers become addicted quickly, needing higher doses and more often. At this time, the most effective treatments for methamphetamine addiction are behavioral therapies such as cognitive behavioral and contingency management interventions.

 

Immediately after smoking or injection, the user experiences an intense sensation, called a "rush" or "flash," that lasts only a few minutes and is described as extremely pleasurable. Snorting or swallowing meth produces euphoria - a high, but not a rush. After the initial "rush," there is typically a state of high agitation that in some individuals can lead to violent behavior. Other possible immediate effects include increased wakefulness and insomnia, decreased appetite, irritability/aggression, anxiety, nervousness, convulsions and heart attack. Meth is addictive, and users can develop a tolerance quickly, needing larger amounts to get high. In some cases, users forego food and sleep and take more meth every few hours for days, 'binging' until they run out of the drug or become too disorganized to continue. Chronic use can cause paranoia, hallucinations, repetitive behavior (such as compuslively cleaning, grooming or disasembling and assembling objects), and delusions of parasites or insects crawling under the skin. Users can obsessively scratch their skin to get rid of these imagined insects. Long-term use, high dosages, or both can bring on full-blown toxic psychosis (often exhibited as violent, aggressive behavior). This violent, aggressive behavior is usually coupled with extreme paranoia. Meth can also cause strokes and death.

Methamphetamine increases the release of very high levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which stimulates brain cells, enhancing mood and body movement. Chronic methamphetamine abuse significantly changes how the brain functions. Animal research going back more than 30 years shows that high doses of methamphetamine damage neuron cell endings. Dopamine- and serotonin-containing neurons do not die after methamphetamine use, but their nerve endings (“terminals”) are cut back, and re-growth appears to be limited. Noninvasive human brain imaging studies have shown alterations in the activity of the dopamine system. These alterations are associated with reduced motor speed and impaired verbal learning. Recent studies in chronic methamphetamine abusers have also revealed severe structural and functional changes in areas of the brain associated with emotion and memory, which may account for many of the emotional and cognitive problems observed in chronic methamphetamine abusers.

Taking even small amounts of methamphetamine can result in increased wakefulness, increased physical activity, decreased appetite, increased respiration, rapid heart rate, irregular heartbeat, increased blood pressure, and hyperthermia. Other effects of methamphetamine abuse may include irritability, anxiety, insomnia, confusion, tremors, convulsions, and cardiovascular collapse and death. Long-term effects may include paranoia, aggressiveness, extreme anorexia, memory loss, visual and auditory hallucinations, delusions, and severe dental problems.

Also, transmission of HIV and hepatitis B and C can be a consequence of methamphetamine abuse. Among abusers who inject the drug, infection with HIV and other infectious diseases is spread mainly through the re-use of contaminated syringes, needles, and other injection equipment by more than one person. The intoxicating effects of methamphetamine, however, whether it is injected or taken other ways, can alter judgment and inhibition and lead people to engage in unsafe behaviors. Methamphetamine abuse actually may worsen the progression of HIV and its consequences; studies with methamphetamine abusers who have HIV indicate that the HIV causes greater neuronal injury and cognitive impairment compared with HIV-positive people who do not use drugs.

The METH TRAP

http://www.drugfree.org/Portal/DrugIssue/MethResources/eric_stone.html

DEMON OF CHOICE

http://www.drugfree.org/Portal/DrugIssue/MethResources/demon_of_choice.html

METH STORIES

http://www.drugfree.org/Portal/DrugIssue/Meth/story.jenn.slideshow.html

MY ADDICTED SON

http://www.drugfree.org/Portal/Stories/Addicted_Son

MY DAUGHTER AND METH

http://www.drugfree.org/Portal/DrugIssue/MethResources/moiras_story.html

 

 

 

 

"Poor Man's Cocaine" is one slang term for Meth - for good reason.  Meth generally costs the same or less than crack cocaine (ranging from $25 to $100 per gram) but because the user's body metabolizes it more slowly, the high lasts much longer.  Users tend to believe they get "more bang for their buck" with Meth.  An intense rush is felt almost immediately when a user smokes or injects Meth. Snorting the drug affects the user about five minutes later; it takes about twenty minutes for the rush to kick in if a user ingests Meth.

 

"Honeymoon" on Meth


Meth initially sends a message to the pleasure center in your brain.  When you first use Meth, you might feel alert, full of energy and self-confident.  Your brain is releasing dopamine - a brain chemical that carries messages between brain cells. Dopamine is associated with feelings of pleasure, usually after food or sex. 
Hours after taking Meth, your brain cells release an enzyme that stops the dopamine flow.  If you keep taking Meth, you will potentially lose your ability to experience pleasure.

 

Prolonged Use
Continued use of Meth does more than destroy a person's ability to experience pleasure naturally.  Chronic use can create a tolerance for the drug, leading a person to try to intensify the desired effects by taking increasingly higher doses, taking it more frequently or changing their method of getting high.  To support their habit, Meth users often participate in spur-of-the-moment crimes such as burglaries.  Under the influence of Meth, people become agitated and feel wired.  Their behavior becomes unpredictable from moment to moment.  They may start doing the same thing over and over, like taking apart and reassembling bits of machinery, or continuously picking at imaginary bugs under their skin.

 

People who are on Meth will show  one or more of the following signs:
 -Thin from weight loss
 -Pale face
 -High body temperature with excessive sweating from cooking their internal organs
 -Dental decay with blackened or yellow teeth                         
 -Body odor of glue or mayonnaise                      
 -Acne type sores from scratching

 

Addiction
Meth users suffer the same addiction cycle and withdrawal symptoms as do crack cocaine users.  Both drugs lead to binging - consuming the drug continuously for three or more days without sleep.  While cocaine binges rarely last longer than 72-hours, Meth binges can last up to two weeks.  The user is then driven into a severe depression followed by paranoia and aggression (known as tweaking).  When heavy cocaine users experience paranoia, it almost always disappears once the binge ends.  With Meth, severe mood disturbances, bizarre thoughts and behavior may last for days - sometimes weeks - and the user loses a grip on reality. 

Meth use causes both short- and long-term affects - physical as well as mental.  Some people mistakenly believe Meth is less harmful than crack, cocaine or heroin, but because of the ingredients used in its manufacturing, there is a greater chance of suffering a heart attack, stroke or serious brain damage with Meth than with other drugs.  It is far more dangerous than the Meth which was popular back in the 1950s and '60s.  Today's ephedrine-based Meth can kill you.

Meth dealers and users will tell a novice how fun it is to use: They'll get a tremendous rush.  They'll be able to stay up for hours to work, study or party.  They'll lose weight.  But there is another side to Meth use that they'll never talk about.  It's the side that can take your looks, your health, your income, your sanity - maybe even your life. 

People who seek the rush of a Meth high are also in for a number of other - unwanted - effects from the drug.  They will also experience some or all of the following short term effects:

          *Increased Alertness
   
*Depression  *Sense of Well Being  *Paranoia
              
*Hallucinations  *Violent Behavior 
                       *Delusions of Grandeur  
*Extreme Weight Loss  
*Increased Heart Rate  
 *Moodiness
       
   *Sores from constantly scratching their body
    
*Heightened Sexual Activity   *Excessive Talking                                   *Uncontrollable movements, twitching, jerking       
             *Shortness of Breath  *Convulsions                                                                   *Grinding Teeth, Clenching Jaw    
                                                  *Sleep Deprivation

Over the long term, Meth can cause:
       
    
                          ◊Insomnia
  ◊Seizures  ◊Brain Damage
                  ◊Panic Attacks            
◊Lead Poisoning 
                         
◊Uncontrollable Anxiety or Rage
              
     ◊Hyperactive Behavior  ◊Loss of Pleasure                                     ◊Stroke     ◊Twitching  
        ◊High Addiction  ◊Impaired Speech ◊Severe Depression                         ◊Abused and Neglected Children
                 
      ◊Malnutrition      ◊Strychnine Poisoning
    
◊Death◊

Meth Users

Meth users ingest meth several different ways. Meth can be smoked, snorted, orally ingested, or injected. The drug alters moods in different ways, depending on how it is taken. Immediately after smoking the drug or injecting it intravenously, meth users experience an intense rush that lasts only a few minutes and is described as extremely pleasurable. Snorting or oral ingestion produces euphoria -- a high but not an intense rush. Meth users who snort the drug experience effects within 3 to 5 minutes, and oral ingestion produces effects within 15 to 20 minutes.

As with similar stimulants, meth users often go on a "binge and crash" pattern. Because tolerance for methamphetamine occurs within minutes -- meaning that the pleasurable effects disappear even before the drug concentration in the blood falls significantly -- meth users try to maintain the high by binging on the drug.

Meth users go through three stages:: low intensity, binge, and high intensity. The binge and high-intensity meth users smoke or inject meth to achieve a faster and stronger high; the patterns of abuse differ in the frequency in which the drug is abused and the stages within their cycles.

The binge abuse cycle is made up of these stages: rush, high, binge, tweaking, crash, normal, and withdrawal.

Rush (5-30 minutes) -The abuser's heartbeat races and metabolism, blood pressure, and pulse soar. Feelings of pleasure.

High (4-16 hours) -The methamphetamine addict often feels aggressively smarter and becomes argumentative.

Binge (3-15 days) -The methamphetamine addict maintains the high for as long as possible and becomes hyperactive, both mentally and physically.

Tweaking -The most dangerous stage of the cycle. See section below.

Crash (1-3 days) -The addict does not pose a threat to anyone. He becomes very lethargic and sleeps.

Normal (2-14 days) -The abuser returns to a state that is slightly deteriorated from the normal state before the abuse.

Withdrawal (30-90 days) -No immediate symptoms are evident but the abuser first becomes depressed and then lethargic. The craving for methamphetamine hits and he may becomes suicidal. Taking methamphetamine at any time during withdrawal can stop the unpleasant feelings so, consequently, a high percentage of addicts in treatment return to abuse.

High-intensity meth users, often called "speed freaks," focus on preventing the crash. But each successive rush becomes less euphoric and it takes more meth to achieve it. The pattern does not usually include a state of normalcy or withdrawal. High-intensity abusers experience extreme weight loss, very pale facial skin, sweating, body odor, discolored teeth and scars or open sores on their bodies. The scars are the results of the abusers' hallucinations of bugs on his skin, often referred to as "crank bugs," and attempts to scratch the bugs off.

When it comes to meth users the most dangerous stage of their abuse for themselves, medical personnel, and law enforcement officers is what is known as "tweaking." A tweaker is a methamphetamine addict who probably has not slept in 3-15 days and is irritable and paranoid. Tweakers often behave or react violently and if a tweaker is using alcohol or another depressant, his negative feelings and associated dangers intensify. The tweaker craves more meth, but no dosage will help re-create the euphoric high, which causes frustration, and leads to unpredictability and potential for violence.

A meth user who is tweaking can appear normal: eyes can be clear, speech concise, and movements brisk. But a closer look will reveal the person's eyes are moving ten times faster than normal, the voice has a slight quiver, and movements are quick and jerky. These physical signs are more difficult to identify if the meth user is using a depressant.

 

METH MOUTH

http://www.mappsd.org/Meth Mouth2.htm

FACES OF METH USERS

http://www.drugfree.org/Portal/DrugIssue/MethResources/faces/index.html

http://www.crystalrecovery.com/Pages/MethUsers.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/meth/body/

http://www.stopmethaddiction.com/pic-meth-users.htm

http://www.serenitylane.org/druginfo/methamphetamine.html

 

Methamphetamine abuse has three patterns: low intensity, binge, and high intensity. Low-intensity abuse describes a user who is not psychologically addicted to the drug but uses methamphetamine on a casual basis by swallowing or snorting it. Binge and high-intensity abusers are psychologically addicted and prefer to smoke or inject methamphetamine to achieve faster and stronger high. Binge abusers use methamphetamine more than low-intensity abusers but less than high-intensity abusers.

Low-Intensity methamphetamine abuse

Low-intensity abusers swallow or snort methamphetamine, using it the same way many people use caffeine or nicotine. Low-intensity abusers want the extra stimulation the methamphetamine provides so that they can stay awake long enough to finish a task or a job, or they want the appetite suppressant effect to lose weight. These people frequently hold jobs, raise families, and otherwise function normally. They may include people such as truck drivers trying to reach their destination, workers trying to stay awake until the end of their normal shift or an overtime shift, and housewives trying to keep a clean house a well as be a perfect mother and wife.

Even though a law enforcement officer is not likely to encounter low-intensity abusers, these individuals are one step away from becoming binge abusers. They already know the stimulating effect that methamphetamine provides them by swallowing or snorting the drug, but they have not experienced the euphoric rush associated with smoking or injecting it and have not encountered clearly defined stages of abuse. However, simple switching to smoking or injecting methamphetamine offers the abusers a quick transition to a binge pattern of abuse.

Binge methamphetamine abuse

Binge abusers smoke or inject methamphetamine and experience euphoric rushes that are psychologically addictive. Rush-The rush is the initial response the abuser feels when smoking or injecting methamphetamine and is the aspect of the drug that low-intensity abusers do not experience when snorting or swallowing the drug. During the rush, the abuser's heartbeat aces and metabolism, blood pressure, and pulse sore. Meanwhile, the abuser can experience feelings equivalent to ten orgasms. Unlike the rush associated with crack cocaine, which lasts for approximately 2 - 5 minutes, the methamphetamine rush can continue for 5-30 minutes.

The reason for the methamphetamine rush is that the drug, when smoked or injected, triggers the adrenal gland to release a hormone called epinephrine (adrenaline), which puts the body in a battle mode, fight or flight. In addition, the physical sensation that the rush gives the abuser most likely results from the explosive release of dopamine in the pleasure center of the brain.

High-The rush is followed by the high, sometimes called the shoulder. During the high, the abuser often feels aggressively smarter and becomes argumentative, often interrupting other people and finishing their sentences. The high can last 4-16 hours.

Binge-The binge is the continuation of the high. The abuser maintains the high by smoking or injecting more methamphetamine. Each time the abuser smokes or injects more of the drug, a smaller euphoric rush than the initial rush is experienced until, finally, there is no rush and no high. During the binge, the abuser becomes hyperactive both mentally and physically. The binge can last 3-15 days.

Tweaking-Tweaking occurs at the end of the binge when nothing the abuser does will take away the feeling of emptiness and dysphoria, including taking more methamphetamine. Tweaking is very uncomfortable, and the abuser often takes a depressant to ease the bad feelings. The most popular depressant is alcohol, with heroin a close second.

Tweaking is the most dangerous stage of the methamphetamine abuse cycle to law enforcement officers and other individuals near the abuser. If the abuser is using alcohol to ease the discomfort, the threat to law enforcement officers intensifies. During this stage, law enforcement officers must clearly identify the underlying dangers of the situation and avoid the assumption that the tweaker is just a cocky drunk.

Crash-To a binge abuser, the crash means an incredible amount of sleep. The body's epinephrine has been depleted, and the body uses the crash to replenish its supply. Even the meanest, most violent abuser becomes almost lifeless during the crash and poses a threat to no one. The crash can last 1-3 days.

Normal-After the crash, the abuser returns to normal--a state that is slightly deteriorated from the normal state before he used methamphetamine. This stage ordinarily lasts between 2 and 14 days. However, as the frequency of binging increases, the duration of the normal stage decreases.

Withdrawal-No acute, immediate symptoms of physical distress are evident with methamphetamine withdrawal, a stage that the abuser may slowly enter. Often 30-90 days must pass after the last drug use before the abuser realizes that he is in withdrawal. First, without really noticing, the individual becomes depressed and loses the ability to experience pleasure. The individual becomes lethargic; he has no energy. Then the craving for more methamphetamine hits, and the abuser often becomes suicidal. If the abuser, however, takes more methamphetamine at any point during the withdrawal, the unpleasant feelings will end. Consequently, the success rate for traditional methamphetamine rehabilitation is very low. Ninety-three percent of those in traditional treatment return to abuse methamphetamine.

High-Intensity methamphetamine abuse

The high-intensity abusers are the addicts, often called speed freaks. Their whole existence focuses on preventing the crash, and they seek that elusive, perfect rush--the rush they had when they first started smoking or injecting methamphetamine.

With high-intensity abuser, each successive rush becomes less euphoric, and it takes more methamphetamine to achieve it. Each high is not quite as high as the one before. During each subsequent binge, the abuser needs more methamphetamine, more often, to get a high that is not as good as the high he wants or remembers.

Tweaking for the high-intensity abuser is still the most dangerous time to confront him because tweakers are extremely unpredictable and short-tempered. The crash is often spoken of in terms of I never sleep, or I sleep with one eye open. In an attempt to appear normal, perhaps because of an appointment with a doctor, lawyer, or court official, high-intensity abusers will make themselves take short naps; otherwise, they see no need to come down from the high.

Dangerous tweakers

A methamphetamine abuser is most dangerous when tweaking. The fact that a law enforcement officer is confronting the tweaker makes him more dangerous, not just to the officer on the scene but also to anyone nearby. When tweaking, the abuser has probably not slept in 3-15 days and consequently will be extremely irritable. The tweaker craves more methamphetamine, but no dosage will help re-create the euphoric high. The result is a strong feeling of uncontrollable frustration that makes the tweaker unpredictable and dangerous.

If the law enforcement officer on the scene is unfamiliar with the physical signs of a tweaker, the abuser can appear normal. In fact, unlike a person intoxicated on alcohol with glassy eyes, slurred speech, and difficulty even standing up, a tweaker appears super-exaggerated normal. The tweaker's eyes are clear, his speech concise, and his movements brisk. With a closer look at the tweaker, law enforcement officers will notice that his eyes are moving about ten times faster than normal and may roll. He is talking in a quick, often steady voice with a slight quiver to it, and his movements are quick and jerky. The individual's movements are often exaggerated because he is overstimulated, and his thinking is scattered and subject to paranoid delusions.

The tweaker does not need provocation to react violently; however, confrontation increases the chance for a violent reaction. Law enforcement officers should consider the potential for violence when determining that a suspect is tweaking. For example, case histories indicate that tweakers react negatively to the sight of a police uniform. Confrontation between the tweaker and law enforcement often results in a verbal or physical assault on the officer.

Besides confrontation, nobody knows for certain what will trigger a tweaker to be irrational and violent. A tweaker exists in his own world, seeing and hearing things that no one else can perceive. His hallucinations are so vivid that they seem real. What law enforcement officers say and do enter into the abuser's altered reality, and if his paranoia is triggered, law enforcement appears to be a threat to the tweaker's life.

It is during tweaking that hostage situations can easily occur. If the abuser feels cornered, with no means of escape, the tweaker is likely to take a hostage, often an associate, a relative, or a police officer. In extreme cases, the tweaker may physically assault the hostage.

If the tweaker has chosen to ease his discomfort with alcohol, he becomes a disinhibited tweaker, making reasoning with him or even identifying him as a tweaker more difficult. Physical signs of a tweaker become blurred to an observer when the tweaker is using alcohol. Motor and speech functions, for example, become impaired, but not to the degree of a person using only alcohol. The rapid eye movement and the quick speech of a tweaker might actually slow to an apparently normal speed. However, a tweaker using alcohol can be identified in two ways:

1. First, individuals who can get close enough to see the tweaker's eyes should look for a horizontal-gaze nistagmus. This phenomenon occurs when the methamphetamine abuser, who is also using alcohol, looks out of the corner of his eyes, and the eyes jerk back and forth.

2. Second, if communication lines are open with the tweaker, ask the tweaker if he is using methamphetamine and then inquire if he is also drinking alcohol.

If a strong smell of alcohol is present, but no signs of drunkenness exist, one should err on the side of caution and approach the person as a tweaker using alcohol rather than assume the person is harmless. Because tweakers using alcohol are ordinarily not concerned with the consequences of their actions, a situation can quickly lead to violence.

Are there any other problems that can occur from methamphetamine addiction?

Regarding domestic disputes, cities across the United States report increased percentages of domestic violence incidents associated with methamphetamine use. Domestic disputes, ordinarily regarded as dangerous situations for law enforcement, become intensified when a tweaker is involved because of that individual's unpredictability.

Many motor vehicle violations and accidents may also involve tweakers. Paranoid and hallucinating, tweakers may decide to travel in their automobiles. Their delusional state makes moving shapes and shadows appear threatening, and they are very likely to increase their speed and exhibit erratic driving patterns as they attempt to evade the images. An additional threat to society and themselves may stem from tweaker’s tendency to arm themselves for their personal safety. Interviews with methamphetamine abusers have confirmed that these individuals often maintain weapons in their automobiles, as well as in their residences.

Tweakers may also be present at raves or parties. In addition, to support their habit, tweakers often participate in spur-of-the-moment crimes, such as purse snatching, strong-arm robberies, assaults with a weapon, burglaries, and thefts of motor vehicles.

Methamphetamine is readily available and is spreading rapidly across the United States. Unlike the abusers in the 1960s and 1970s, today's methamphetamine abusers cross ethnic and gender boundaries. Methamphetamine is psychologically addictive during the binge and high-intensity patterns of abuse, with users becoming paranoid and unpredictable.

Meth Labs

 

What is a clandestine laboratory?
The clandestine drug laboratory or clan lab is a mini-chemical lab designed for one purpose: to manufacture illegal drugs quickly and cheaply. Clan lab chemists can produce LSD, synthetic heroin and other drugs, but their drug of choice is methamphetamine.

These homemade drugs are dangerous, but the labs are equally dangerous and can be located in any neighborhood. Toxic chemicals, explosions, fires, booby traps, and armed criminals - are all common dangers of clan labs.

Clan labs can be found in:

  • Rural rentals with absentee landlords (homes, barns, mobile homes or outbuildings).
  • Urban home or apartment rentals with absentee landlords.
  • Trailers and motor homes.
  • Motel rooms.
  • Houseboats.
  • Mini-storage units. These are used to store chemicals, drugs, lab equipment and weapons.

Source (PDF)

 

What are the dangers of meth labs?
Clandestine drug labs cause three main types of harm: physical injury from explosions, fires, chemical burns, and toxic fumes; environmental hazards; and child endangerment.

Physical injury from explosions, fires, chemical burns, and toxic fumes. Mixing chemicals in clandestine drug labs creates substantial risks of explosions, fires, chemical burns, and toxic fume inhalation. Those who mix the chemicals (known as "cooks" or "cookers") and their assistants, emergency responders, hazardous material cleanup crews, neighbors, and future property occupants are all at risk from chemical exposure.

Environmental hazards. Each pound of manufactured methamphetamine produces about 5 to 6 pounds of hazardous waste. Clandestine drug lab operators commonly dump this waste into the ground, sewers, streams, or rivers. The water used to put out lab fires can also wash toxic chemicals into sewers. Residual contamination of the ground, water supplies, buildings, and furniture may last for years.

Child endangerment. Many jurisdictions are now finding that children are commonly exposed to the hazards of clandestine drug labs. Some children have dangerous chemicals or traces of illicit drugs in their systems. Others suffer burns to their lungs or skin from chemicals or fire. Some have died in explosions and fires. Many are badly neglected or abused by parents suffering from the effects of drug abuse. Senior citizens whose caretakers are lab operators are similarly vulnerable. Pets, including guard dogs, can also be harmed. Source (PDF)

 

Are there different types of meth labs?
There are two general types of clandestine drug labs. One is the "super" lab a large, highly organized lab that can manufacture 10 or more pounds of methamphetamine per production cycle. To date, super labs are concentrated in southern California and Mexico. The other type of lab is smaller, and often referred to as "mom and pop" or "Beavis and Butthead" labs. These labs can manufacture only 1 to 4 ounces of methamphetamine per production cycle. Their operators typically produce enough drugs for their own use and close associates' use, with just enough extra to sell to others to finance the purchase of production chemicals. Source (PDF)

 

If you suspect a meth lab, leave at once and. Do not open any coolers.  Do not touch any items.  Handling methamphetamine waste residue can burn your skin and eyes, and breathing in the gases can send you to the hospital.  Handling these chemicals with unprotected skin, or getting the dust in your eyes can cause serious damage.

What is a CLANDESTINE LABORATORY?  A clandestine laboratory is a laboratory used for the primary purpose of illicitly (illegally) manufacturing controlled substances, such as cocaine and methamphetamine. Clandestine labs are typically small, utilizing common household appliances, glassware, and readily available chemicals. While some clandestine laboratories may be located in industrial areas, they are most frequently located in residential areas.

Most clandestine methamphetamine labs are located in remote areas where
chemical fumes will not alert neighbors or law enforcement.

If you suspect a meth lab in your neighborhood, do not go into the lab. Many times, people booby trap them to destroy the lab or cover their involvement. Only trained personnel should go into meth labs.

Small-scale methamphetamine laboratories are being operated increasingly in single and multifamily residences in urban and suburban neighborhoods, where they pose a significant threat to public health and safety. Traditionally, laboratories are located in sparsely populated or isolated rural areas in order to avoid detection. A substantial number of laboratories, however, are located in urban areas.

The processing required to make methamphetamine from precursor substances is easier and more accessible than ever. There are literally thousands of recipes and information about making meth on the Internet. An investment of a few hundred dollars in over-the-counter medications and chemicals can produce thousands of dollars worth of methamphetamine. The drug can be made in a makeshift "lab" that can fit into a suit case. The average meth "cook" annually teaches ten other people how to make the drug.

There are many different methods for producing methamphetamine. Each method has its own inherent dangers. Many of the chemicals used are caustic or corrosive, and some of the processes create noxious and harmful fumes.

One variation is called the "Nazi method" because it supposedly mirrors a meth-making procedure followed by the Germans during World War II. Instead of hydriodic acid, the Nazi method uses anhydrous ammonia, a chemical found in fertilizer and often stored in large tanks on farms. Meth makers sometimes are known to steal the product in the middle of the night and briefly set up shop near the tank. Anhydrous ammonia can produce a poisonous gas if its liquid form is released into the air.

Another method is more earthy. In some areas, so much meth by-product has been dumped into the soil that cooks are excavating hundreds of cubic yards of earth from the sites to process the dirt and extract the chemicals to make meth.

Household products contain most of the necessary chemicals to complete the manufacturing process. Certain brands of drain cleaner, for instance, have a high concentration of sulfuric acid. When mixed with table or rock salt, hydrogen chloride gas is produced for use in the final stage of methamphetamine production. The hydrogen chloride gas procedure as well as other procedures are extremely dangerous and can cause death or serious injury not only to the individuals making the methamphetamine, but to others who may be living in an adjoining house or apartment.  The chemicals used to make meth are toxic, and the lab operators routinely dump waste into streams, rivers, fields, and sewage systems. The chemical vapors produced during cooking permeate the walls and carpets of houses and buildings, making them uninhabitable. Cleaning up these sites requires specialized training and costs an average of $2,000-$4,000 per site in funds that come out of the already-strained budgets of state and local police.  Common Chemicals Used to Make Methamphetamine:  Alcohol (Isopropyl or rubbing alcohol), Toluene (brake cleaner), Ether (engine starter), Sulfuric Acid (drain cleaner), Red Phosphorus (matches/road flares), Salt (table/rock), Iodine (teat dip or flakes/crystal), Lithium (batteries), Trichloroethane (gun scrubber), MSM (cutting agent), Sodium Metal, Methanol/Alcohol (gasoline additives), Muriatic Acid, Anhydrous Ammonia (farm fertilizer), Sodium Hydroxide (lye), Pseudoephedrine (cold tablets), Ephedrine (cold tablets), Acetone, Cat Litter Typical Equipment Used to Make Methamphetamine:  Pyrex or Corning dishes (glass), Jugs/bottles, Paper towels, coffee filters, thermometer, cheesecloth, funnels, blenders, rubber tubing/gloves, pails/buckets, gas cans, tape/clamps, internet documents/notes, "How to Make Methamphetamine" books, Aluminum foil, Propane cylinders (20-lb), Hotplates, plastic storage containers/ice chests, measuring cups, towels/bed sheets, laboratory beakers/glassware

 

Chemicals and Equipment Frequently Found at Methamphetamine Lab Sites

Many of the chemicals can be found in common household items such as lantern fuel, cleaners, acetone, muriatic acid, and diet pills.

Chemicals: Ephedrine (Cold Tablets)

·        Pseudoephedrine (Cold Tablets)

·        Acetone

·        Alcohol (Isopropyl or Rubbing)

·        Toluene (Brake Cleaner)

·        Ether (Engine Starter)

·        Sulfuric Acid (Drain Cleaner)

·        Methanol/Alcohol (Gasoline Additives)

·        Salt (Table/Rock)

·        Lithium (Batteries)

·        Anhydrous Ammonia (Farm Fertilizer)

·        Sodium Hydroxide (Lye)

·        Red Phosphorus (Matches/Road Flares)

·        Muriatic Acid

·        Iodine (Teat Dip or Flakes/Crystal)

·        Trichloroethane (Dun Scrubber)

·        Sodium Metal

·        Iodine

Equipment :

·        Pyrex or Corning Dishes

·        Jugs

·        Bottles

·        Funnels

·        Coffee Filters

·        Cheesecloth

·        Blender

·        Rubber Tubing

·        Paper Towels

·        Rubber Gloves

·        Gas Can

·        Tape/Clamps

·        Hotplate

·        Strainer

·        Aluminum Foil

·        Propane Cylinder (20-lb)

·         Books "How to Make Methamphetamine"

 

 

 

 

How many methamphetamine laboratory incidents have been reported in the United States?
In 2006, there were 6,435 methamphetamine laboratory incidents reported in the United States. This includes labs, dumpsites, and chemical/glass/equipment discovery. Source

 

Precursor Chemicals

 

What are precursor chemicals?
Precursor chemicals are the chemicals or ingredients needed to manufacture methamphetamine and other synthetic drugs. These chemicals are often illegally diverted from legitimate sources. Some of the precursor chemicals needed to manufacture meth include pseudoephedrine (contained in over the counter cold medicines), anhydrous ammonia (used primarily as an agricultural fertilizer and industrial refrigerant), and red phosphorus (used in matches). Source

 

What is pseudoephedrine?
Pseudoephedrine is a drug contained in over the counter cold medicines. It is also the primary ingredient needed to manufacture methamphetamine.

 

What are common ways to divert pseudoephedrine?
Common methods of Pseudoephedrine diversion include:

  • "Smurfing" - multiple purchases at one location
  • Shelf-Sweeping - theft of all shelf stock
  • Shoplifting
  • Theft from wholesalers

Source

 

How can the diversion of pseudoephedrine be prevented?
Preventing the diversion of precursor chemicals involves the coordination and cooperation of law enforcement officials and retailers. Some methods for preventing retail diversion include setting and enforcing thresholds on the amount of pseudoephedrine that can be purchased by customers, storing pseudoephedrine stock behind the retail counter, and establishing education programs for employees. Source

For more information on preventing the diversion of pseudoephedrine visit MethWatch.com.

 

Drug Endangered Children

 

What are drug-endangered children?
Innocent children are sometimes found in homes and other environments (hotels, automobiles, apartments, etc.) where methamphetamine and other illegal substances are produced.

Children who live at or visit drug-production sites or who are present during drug production face a variety of health and safety risks, including:

  • inhalation, absorption, or ingestion of toxic chemicals, drugs, or contaminated foods that may result in nausea, chest pain, eye and tissue irritation, chemical burns, and death
  • fires and explosions
  • abuse and neglect
  • hazardous lifestyle (presence of booby traps, firearms, code violations, poor ventilation)

METH INFORMATION WEBSITES:

http://www.medformation.com/ac/transcript.nsf/alltopics/meth

http://publicaffairs.uth.tmc.edu/hleader/archive/Drug_Abuse_Addiction/2006/meth-0601.html

http://www.a-better-child.org/site/963922/page/800889

 

JUST THINK TWICE: STREET SMART PREVENTION

http://www.justthinktwice.com/